Research peptides
GHK-Cu
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Product details
Overview
GHK is the tripeptide glycyl-histidyl-lysine. Its histidine residue permits coordination interactions with divalent copper. GHK-Cu denotes species that can differ in stoichiometry, protonation, and structural representation.
Structure and technical data
Technical data
Variants: 50 mg and 100 mg. The displayed PubChem record CID 9831891 describes copper-bis(GHK), with two GHK ligands per copper ion. Gly-His-Lys denotes one ligand and does not by itself specify the composition of the complex.
- Sequence
- Gly-His-Lys
- Molecular formula
- C28H46CuN12O8
- Reported molecular mass
- 742.3 g/mol
- CAS number
- 130120-56-8
- PubChem CID
- 9831891
- Reported synonyms
- Bisprezatide copper; DL1TR6W6VM
Reference molecular data.
View the PubChem record — PubChem CID 9831891
The sequence Gly-His-Lys identifies the GHK ligand; formula C28H46CuN12O8 corresponds to the copper-bis(GHK) complex.
Research context
Studies cover coordination chemistry, formulations, and interactions with the extracellular matrix. The cited 1993 paper measures connective-tissue parameters in an experimental rat model. Results depend on the chemical species and system used and are not evidence of the performance of the item sold.
GHK ligand and copper coordinationConnective tissue and the wound-chamber modelSkin penetration and formulation scienceHydrogels, composite materials, and experimental repairLung and neurological models, and copper-free GHKHuman skin studies and sample size
GHK ligand and copper coordination
Glycine, histidine, and lysine form the GHK ligand, whose donor atoms participate in Cu²⁺ binding. pH, copper-to-ligand ratio, and other solution components influence the species present. Records with different stoichiometries are not equivalent descriptions of one standardised substance.
Connective tissue and the wound-chamber model
Maquart and colleagues study a rat model allowing tissue formed within an experimental chamber to be collected. Measurements include dry weight, protein, collagen, DNA, and glycosaminoglycans. Increases in some endpoints document that model rather than proving general skin rejuvenation.
Skin penetration and formulation science
Permeation studies distinguish deposition in skin layers from passage across the barrier. Vehicle, complex formation, and tissue integrity influence outcomes. A multi-ingredient topical formulation does not attribute every observation to GHK-Cu alone; penetration and clinical benefit remain different questions.
Hydrogels, composite materials, and experimental repair
Delivery systems can combine GHK-Cu with polymer matrices and components possessing other activities. Adhesion, release, mechanics, and microbiological endpoints are assessed separately. In studies combining plant extracts, activity belongs to the tested preparation and is not a measurement of our vial.
Lung and neurological models, and copper-free GHK
The literature includes lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice and neurological work using GHK without specifying the same copper complex. Some reports are preprints. Free ligand, copper complex, formulation, and model must therefore be identified before comparing results.
Human skin studies and sample size
The 1998 topical-formulation comparison examines skin samples and ultrastructural changes in a limited participant group. Ingredients and comparisons differ between groups. Sample size, duration, and formulation limit extrapolation to different products or long-term cosmetic outcomes.
References
- Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide
- Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu
- In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.
- GHK-Cu as a Bioactive Metallopeptide and Drug-Delivery Cargo: Coordination Chemistry, Formulation Science, Therapeutic Evidence, and a Translational Roadmap
- Studies of the effects of topical vitamin C, a copper binding cream, and melatonin cream as compared with tretinoin on the ultrastructure of normal skin
- Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer
- A Torilis japonica Extract–GHK-Cu Complex Attenuates Th2 Cytokines and Promotes Keratinocyte Recovery: A Potential Antioxidant Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis
- Intranasal GHK peptide enhances resilience to cognitive decline in aging mice
- The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice
- Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine — PubChem CID 73587
- GHK-Cu — PubChem CID 133697840
- Copper tripeptide — PubChem CID 139035031
Catalog of products presented for research activities. Not for human or veterinary use. This notice does not replace verification of applicable rules.